Public International Law

Expert Counsel on Public International Law and State Practice

Bhandari Law and Partners provides sophisticated legal advisory services on matters of Public International Law to governments, sovereign states, international organizations, diplomatic missions, and corporate entities affected by inter-state relations.
As a globally connected law firm, we bridge the gap between international norms and domestic application. We offer authoritative counsel on the formation, interpretation, and application of international rules, treaties, and customary law, ensuring our clients navigate complex geopolitical and regulatory landscapes with confidence.

Our Public International Law practice is grounded in deep expertise in international treaties, State responsibility, diplomatic relations, international dispute resolution, and regulatory compliance. With a strong understanding of both international legal frameworks and domestic implementation, we assist clients in navigating the legal responsibilities and rights that arise at the intersection of national and international law.

Our Core Practice Areas in Public International Law
Our dedicated team leverages deep expertise in international legal principles to advise clients on a broad spectrum of issues within Public International Law, including:

Treaty Advisory, Drafting & Interpretation
We advise governments, institutions, and international clients on the drafting, negotiation, implementation, and interpretation of bilateral and multilateral treaties. This includes assistance with:
Investment treaties (BITs and MITs)

Trade agreements

• Double taxation treaties
• Environmental and climate-related treaties
• Diplomatic and cooperation agreements
• Ensuring compliance with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT).

We ensure that treaty obligations align with domestic legal frameworks and national interests.

State Responsibility & International Claims
We advise on issues of State responsibility, including breaches of international obligations, attribution of conduct, and available remedies under international law. We represent both States and private entities in matters involving:

• Diplomatic protection
• International wrongful acts
• Reparations and compensation
• Countermeasures and remedies
• International claims and negotiations

International Dispute Resolution & Arbitration
Our Public International Law practice is closely integrated with our international arbitration and dispute resolution capabilities. We advise and represent clients in disputes involving:

• State-to-State disputes
• Investor-State disputes
• Treaty-based claims
• International commercial and investment arbitration
• Recognition and enforcement of international awards
• We assist at every stage, from jurisdictional assessment and dispute strategy to hearings and enforcement.

Diplomatic & Consular Law Advisory
Bhandari Law and Partners advises on diplomatic and consular matters under Public International Law, including:

• Diplomatic immunity and privileges
• Consular protection
• Diplomatic disputes and communications
• Vienna Convention compliance
• Cross-border governmental cooperation
• We regularly assist embassies, diplomatic missions, and international organizations.

International Trade & Economic Law
Our team advises on international trade matters governed by Public International Law, including:

• World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations
• Trade sanctions and countermeasures
• Cross-border regulatory compliance
• Customs and trade facilitation law
• Trade dispute advisory
• Market access and regulatory barriers

International Environmental Law
Our Public International Law services also cover international environmental obligations, including:

• Climate change treaties
• Environmental protection agreements
• Transboundary environmental impact matters
• International sustainability standards
• Regulatory compliance advisory

Public Law Advisory Services
As part of our comprehensive Public International Law practice, Bhandari Law and Partners offers specialized Public Law Advisory Services to States, state-owned enterprises, international organizations, and private entities engaging with sovereign authorities. Our advisory services are designed to address complex legal questions arising from the exercise of public power, international obligations, and cross-border governmental interactions.

Our key areas of Public Law Advisory under Public International Law include:

Sovereign Immunity
We advise on claims and defenses relating to sovereign immunity, including the immunity of States and state-owned entities from the jurisdiction of foreign courts and enforcement proceedings. Our team provides strategic guidance on restrictive immunity, waiver of immunity, commercial activity exceptions, asset protection, and immunity in arbitration and litigation contexts.

Law of International Organizations
We assist international and regional organizations on a wide range of constitutional and governance matters, including the interpretation of founding charters, internal regulations, institutional decision-making, and dispute resolution mechanisms. We also advise on the legal relationships between organizations and their member States, host State agreements, privileges and immunities, and compliance with international legal standards.

Customary International Law
We provide in-depth analysis of customary international law, examining State practice and opinio juris to assess the existence, scope, and application of binding international norms. Our advisory work supports governments, corporations, and international bodies in assessing legal risks, regulatory obligations, treaty interpretation, and international responsibility under evolving customary rules.
Through these services, Bhandari Law and Partners delivers authoritative and practical guidance on the most complex public international legal issues, ensuring that our clients operate with legal certainty, strategic foresight, and full compliance with international law.

Why Partner with Bhandari Law and Partners?

Our firm is uniquely positioned to handle challenges in Public International Law due to our experience and strategic location:
Proven International Acumen: We regularly advise foreign investors, international development agencies, and diplomatic missions, proving our competency in handling matters governed by international legal frameworks.

Dispute Resolution Expertise: We offer strategic advice on inter-state disputes and matters concerning the application of Public International Law in international courts and tribunals, including advisory opinions.We stand ready to assist organization or government in understanding and asserting its rights and obligations under the framework of Public International Law.

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